June 2019 UGC NET English solved Q 1 to 50

NET UGC June 2019 English

Q 1. In which of the following paired terms, the relationship between the active and passive forms of a sentence can be best established?   

Deep structure—Surface1

Q 2. For which one of the following reasons, in Oscar Wilde’s novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray, Gray breaks down when he sees his finished portrait?

Distraught by the fact that his beauty will fade while the portrait stays beautiful

·         The Picture of Dorian Gray, the novel was written by Oscar Wilde and published in 1890. It comes in the genre of Gothic and Philosophic novel. The whole novel is based on the portrait of Dorian Gray which ages accordingly and records sin after sin. In the novel Dorian becomes distraught by the fact that his beauty will fade while the portrait stays beautiful.

Q 3. By which two of the following processes, according to Michel Foucault, does power operate? (b) By normalization rather than law (c) By control rather than punishment

·         The French postmodernist Michel Foucault challenges the idea that power is wielded by people or groups by way of 'episodic' or 'sovereign' acts of domination or coercion, seeing it instead as dispersed and pervasive. 'Power is everywhere' and 'comes from everywhere' so in this sense is neither an agency nor a structure.

Q 4. Identify the two names from the following who are associated with Hermeneutics:

Edmund Husserl & Martin Heidegger

·         Edmund Gustav Albrecht Husserl was a German philosopher who established the school of phenomenology. Phenomenology is the philosophical study of the structures of experience and consciousness.

·         Eric Donald Hirsch Jr (born 1928) usually cited as E. D. Hirsch, is an American educator and academic literary critic. Hirsch's Validity in Interpretation,  made an important contribution to contemporary literary theory and established him as "the founder of contemporary intentionalism

·         Martin Heidegger (26 September 1889 – 26 May 1976) was a German philosopher and a seminal thinker in the Continental tradition of philosophy. He is best known for contributions to phenomenology, hermeneutics, and existentialism.

·         Stephen Green blat (born November 7, 1943) is an American Shakespearean, literary historian, and author. The founders of new historicism. He won the Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction in 2012 and the National Book Award for Nonfiction in 2011 for The Swerve: How the World Became Modern.

Q 5. “He that is not with us is against us. He that is not against us is with us.” Who said this? Francis Bacon

·         The above statement has been drawn from Francis Bacon's essay Of Unity in Religion. He is known as the father of English Essays and popular for his aphoristic style of essays.

Q 6. In Eliot’s Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock who among the following painters is the subject of conversation among the perambulating women? Michelangelo

·         The first professionally published poem, Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock by American-born British poet T S Eliot was first published in the June 1915 issue of Poetry: A Magazine of Verse at the request of Ezra Pound.

·         The main elements of the poem rest on Prufrock's laments on his physical and intellectual inertia, the lost opportunities in his life and lack of spiritual progress. Exhibiting Prufrock's unattained love, feelings of weariness, regret, sexual frustration, and an awareness of morality, Eliot introduced one of the most recognised voices in modern literature.

·         Eliot also used French poet Jules LaForgue as inspiration for his repeated women who come and go talking of Michelangelo in the poem.

Q 7. Who is the author of the essay, The Rationale of the Copy-Text? W. W. Greg

·         The critic examines the base text and makes corrections (called emendations) in places where the base text appears wrong to the critic.

·         The bibliographer Ronald B. McKerrow introduced the term copy-text in his 1904 edition of the works of Thomas Nashe, defining it as "the text used in each particular case as the basis of mine."

·         Anglo-American textual criticism in the last half of the 20th century came to be dominated by a landmark 1950 essay by Sir Walter W. Greg

·         Greg observed that compositors at printing shops tended to follow the "substantive" readings of their copy faithfully, except when they deviated unintentionally; but that "as regards accidentals they will normally follow their own habits or inclination, though they may, for various reasons and to varying degrees, be influenced by their copy

·         Greg's view, in short, was that the "copy-text can be allowed no over-riding or even preponderant authority so far as substantive readings are concerned.

Q 8. In Which of Anita Desai’s novels does an insane wife kill her husband?  Cry, the Peacock

·         The Indian novelist, Anita Desai is more interested in interior landscape of the mind than in political or social realities.

·         In her first novel, Cry, The Peacock, Maya and Gautam have strained relationship because of their incompatible temperaments. The novel is woven round the story of its heroine Maya who meets tragic end due to unhappy married life. She is a highly sensitive woman caught up in a discordant marital relationship with her highly practical natured and effluent advocate husband, Gautama. The story is narrated by Maya herself who is disgruntled as a wife throughout her life in the company of her husband. Under the stress of the hidden fear she loses her senses and in a fit of madness she kills Gautama, her husband. Having killed him, she becomes incurably insane and ultimately commits suicide.

·         Anita Desai received a Sahitya Akademi Award in 1978 for her novel Fire on the Mountain, from the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters

·         She won the British Guardian Prize for The Village by the Sea

·         Desai published her first novel, Cry The Peacock, in 1963.

·         She considers Clear Light of Day (1980) her most autobiographical work as it is set during her coming of age and also in the same neighbourhood in which she grew up

·         In 1984, she published In Custody – about an Urdu poet in his declining days – which was shortlisted for the Booker Prize

·         The 1999 Booker Prize finalist novel Fasting, Feasting increased her popularity.

·         Her novel The Zigzag Way, set in 20th-century Mexico, appeared in 2004

·         her latest collection of short stories, The Artist of Disappearance, was published in 2011

·         Selected works The Artist of Disappearance (2011), The Zigzag Way (2004) , Diamond Dust and Other Stories (2000), Fasting, Feasting (1999) , Journey to Ithaca (1995), Baumgartner's Bombay (1988), In Custody (1984), The Village by the Sea (1982), Clear Light of Day (1980), Games at Twilight (1978), Fire on the Mountain (1977), Cat on a Houseboat (1976), Where Shall We Go This Summer? (1975), The Peacock Garden (1974), Bye-bye Blackbird (1971), Voices in the City (1965), Cry, The Peacock (1963)

Q 9. Which one of the following novels of Jane Austen was abandoned unfinished? The Watsons

·         The Watsons is an unfinished novel by Jane Austen. It has five chapters and its writing was abandoned by her after her father's death. It is based on the character Mr. Watson who is a widowed clergyman with his two sons and four daughters.

·         Sanditon is another novel that remained unfinished.

·         The three novels were published posthumously: Northanger Abbey (1818), Persuasion (1818) and Lady Susan (1871)

·         Jane Austen  16 December 1775 – 18 July 1817) was an English novelist known primarily for her six major novels, which interpret, critique and comment upon the British landed gentry at the end of the 18th century.

·         Sense and Sensibility (1811), Pride and Prejudice (1813), Mansfield Park (1814) and Emma (1816), she achieved success as a published writer.

·         She wrote two additional novels, Northanger Abbey and Persuasion, both published posthumously in 1818, and began another, eventually titled Sanditon, but died before its completion.

·         She also left behind three volumes of juvenile writings in manuscript, a short epistolary novel Lady Susan, and another unfinished novel, The Watsons.

Q 10. “Culture is ordinary: that is the first fact.” Which one of the following is the source of this statement?  Resources of Hope

·         Resources of Hope: Culture, Democracy and Socialism are a book of essays by Raymond Williams chiefly based on the political and cultural theory. One of the essays in the book is 'Culture is Ordinary'.

Q 11 Which of the following books is written by an Englishman in universal Latin, is further added to by the Flemish Peter Giles, is revised by the Dutch Erasmus, is printed at Louvain in 1516, later at Paris, still later at Basie, where it was illustrated by two woodcuts from the hand of the German Holbein? Utopia

·         Thomas More is much known for his Latin works owing to their elegance and wit. This includes Utopia which presents the picture of an imaginative ideal state based on the socialistic pattern. More's Utopia, published in 1516 in Latin is a powerful and original study of social conditions, unlike anything which had ever appeared in any literature.

·         In this Utopia we find for the first time, as the foundations of civilized society, the three great words, Liberty, Fraternity, Equality, which retained their inspiration through all the violence of the French Revolution, and which are still the unrealized ideal of every free government. It was first published in England as an English translation by Ralph Robinson in 1551.

Q.12 which of the following two points were emphasized by ‘Wood’s Dispatch of 1854’? (a) Teaching of the English language along with the study of vernacular language & (d) The importance of female education

·         In 1854, the Court of Directors of the East India Company in London sent an educational despatch to the Governor-General in India. Since it was issued by Charles Wood, the President of the Board of Control of the Company, it came to be known as Wood’s Despatch

·         ​The Woods's Despatch sought to promote the following British interest in India by promoting western education:

a.       British wanted to introduce modern western education to serve their economic interests as English education would convince Indians about the superiority of British goods which were machine made, it would make Indians recognize the advantages of trade and commerce.

b.      Indians would recognize the importance of developing resources.

c.       Modern education would bring about a change in their tastes and desires.

d.      English education would create a class of people who could be part of civil service and serve their administrative purpose.

·         This policy was implemented through Woods' despatch whereby several measures were introduced by the British like :

                          i.            Promoting western education through English as the medium of Instruction.

                        ii.            Establishment of schools for technical education for teachers.

                      iii.            Emphasis was given on women education.

                      iv.            Universities were to be set up in Bombay, Calcutta and Madras.

                        v.            The company established a system of rules and regulations to be followed in local schools.

Q.13 What is the name of the poetic style characterized by short staccato rhymed lines, as shown below? Skeltonic

What can it avayle?

To dryve forth a snayie,

Or to make a sayle

Of a herynges tayle?

·         The tudor poet and satirist, John Skelton (1460-1529) was an English poet who wrote extensively on the religious and political themes. He had an individual poetic style of an irregular metre, sometimes in falling and sometimes in rising rhythm and with short rhyming lines, based on natural speech rhythms. This short staccato rhymed line poetry (called doggerel) became a specific quality of John Skelton under the epithet, Skeltonic.  Skelton wrote his verses as works of satire and protest, and thus the form was considered deliberately unconventional and provocative.

Q.14 Which one of the following is the right definition of ‘peer review”?

 (B) A pre-publication process in which work submitted for publication is evaluated for quality by experts in the field.

Q.15 What is the meaning of ‘langue’ in Saussure a linguistics? A& D

·         Saussure distinguished between;

·         langue: the rules of sign system (which might be grammar) and

·         parole: the articulation of signs (for example, speech or writing),

·         the sum of which is language: language = langue + parole

Q.16”The great English novelists are Jane Austen, George Eliot, Henry James and Joseph Conrad.” Which one of the following critical texts begins with the above assertion?

 (C) F. R. Leavis, The Great Tradition

·         F R Leavis, in the Great Tradition (1948), found that such Modernist writers as James Joyce lacked the kind of formal integrity and unity that he found in the realist tradition of George Eliot, Henry James, Joseph Conrad and, somewhat grudgingly, Charles Dickens and D. H. Lawrence.

Q.17 “The last temptation is the greatest treason

To do the right deed for the wrong reason.”

(T. S. Eliot, Murder in the Cathedral)

Why is the ‘temptation’, ‘treason’ for the speaker of the lines?  (A) It is only self-serving

Q.18 Match the works with authors:

Works

a) Image-Music-Text	i. M. H. Abrams   3
b) Why Marx was Right	ii. Raymond Williams   4
c) Mirror and the Lamp	iii. Roland Barthes  1
d) Culture and Society	iv. Terry Eagleton   2
Works and Authors

The Mirror and the Lamp

Abrams shows that until the Romantics, literature was typically understood as a mirror reflecting the real world in some kind of mimesis; whereas for the Romantics, writing was more like a lamp: the light of the writer's inner soul spilled out to illuminate the world.^{[citation needed]} In 1998, Modern Library ranked The Mirror and the Lamp one of the 100 greatest English-language nonfiction books of the 20th century.

Q.19 What was Gramsci’s term for cultural consensus supporting capitalism?  (D) Hegemony

Q.20. Which one of the following paired terms is correct in its explication?    (A) Phonology—Sound system

·         Semiotics (also called semiotic studies) is the study of sign process (semiosis), which is any form of activity, conduct, or any process that involves signs, including the production of meaning.

·         Etymology , the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning.

• Morphology the study of the forms of things. a particular form, shape, or structure.

Q.21 From among the following, identify the two correct statements in Johnson’s criticism of Shakespeare: (b) He sacrifices virtue to convenience and is more careful to please than to instruct & (d) He sacrifices reason, property and truth to pursue even a poor and barren quibble.

·         Samuel Johnson in his "Preface to Shakespeare 1765" highlights several qualities and defects in Shakespeare's plays whether they are comedies or tragedies.

·         Qualities: The representations of general nature and the observation of reality by Shakespeare in plays. Shakespeare's characters are individuals but represent universality. The language of Shakespeare is comprehensible. His plays are so realistic that we get practical knowledge from them. Johnson thinks that the natural medium for Shakespeare is comedy not tragedy. According to him, Shakespeare had to struggle for his tragedies but still they did not reach perfection.

·         Demerits: Shakespeare does not give much consideration to plot construction and he sacrifices virtue to convenience. Shakespeare is not of civilized kind and is also over-punning. As far as, unity of action is concerned, Shakespeare is good at it but the other two unities of time and place are subservient to the mind: since the audience does not confound stage action with reality, it has no trouble with a shift of scene from Rome to Alexandria.

Q.22 Who among the following analyzed the naturalizing of connotative meanings into myths?

 (D) Ronald Barthes

Q. 23 Match the following items/ideas with the writers who first used/popularized them :

(a) The Frontier Thesis                        (i) Raymond Williams 4

(b) The Lost Generation                      (ii) Homi Bhabha 3

(c) Third Space                                    (iii) F . J . Turner 1

(d) Structure of Feeling                      (iv) Gertrude Stein 2

(a)-(iii); (b)-(iv); (c)-(ii); (d)-(i)

(a)-(iv); (b)-(i); (c)-(ii); (d)-(iii)

(a)-(i); (b)-(iii); (c)-(iv); (d)-(ii)

(a)-(iii); (c)-(i); (c)-iv); (d)-(ii)

2.         THE GROCER’S CHILDREN The grocer’s children eat day-old bread, moldy cakes and cheese, sot: black bananas on stale shredded Wheat, weeviled rice, their plates heaped high with wilted greens, bruised fruit, surprise treats from unlabelled cans, tainted meat. The grocer’s children never go hungry. How does the poem achieve its effect?

a)         It strays away from the tongue-in—cheek beginning to state the obvious

b)         It posits the circumspect existence of a reasonable plan to alleviate hunger

c)         It lists a number of grocery items which do not have any tangible nutritive benefit

d)         It presents a series of inedible fare in the face of the basic need to eat

4.         Match the play with the subject matter of the play :

(a) The Doctor’s Dilemma                  (i) Flouting of stage conventions

(b) You Never Can Tell                        (ii) Satire on military heroes

(c) Candida                                         (iii) Devaluation of social traditions

(d) Arms and the Man                        (iv) Mockery of physicians’ ignorance

(a)-(iv); (b)-(iii); (c)-(i) (d)-(ii)

(a)-(ii); (b)-(iii); (c)-(iv); (d)-(i)

(a)-(i); (b)-(ii); (c)-(iii); (d)-(iv)

(a)-(iii); (b)-(i); (c)-(iv); (d)-(ii)

5.         THE GROCER’S CHILDREN The grocer’s children eat day-old bread, moldy cakes and cheese, sot: black bananas on stale shredded Wheat, weeviled rice, their plates heaped high with wilted greens, bruised fruit, surprise treats from unlabelled cans, tainted meat. The grocer’s children never go hungry. What is suggested by the word ‘tainted’ in line 11?

a)         Cooked

b)         Boiled

c)         Spoiled

d)         Tinctured

e)         Advertisement

6.         THE GROCER’S CHILDREN The grocer’s children eat day-old bread, moldy cakes and cheese, sot: black bananas on stale shredded Wheat, weeviled rice, their plates heaped high with wilted greens, bruised fruit, surprise treats from unlabelled cans, tainted meat. The grocer’s children never go hungry. Whose point of view seems to have been stated in the poem?

The poet’s

The Grocer’s

The children’s

The narrator’s

7.         THE GROCER’S CHILDREN The grocer’s children eat day-old bread, moldy cakes and cheese, sot: black bananas on stale shredded Wheat, weeviled rice, their plates heaped high with wilted greens, bruised fruit, surprise treats from unlabelled cans, tainted meat. The grocer’s children never go hungry. Which of the following words best describes the last sentence of the poem?

Pathetic

Disdainful

Paradoxical

Ironic

8.         Match the works with authors: Works

 (a) Image-Music-Text                        (i) M. H. Abrams

(b) Why Marx was Right                    (ii) Raymond Williams

(c) Mirror and the Lamp                      (iii) Roland Barthes

(d) Culture and Society                      (iv) Terry Eagleton

 (a)-(i); (b)-(ii); (c-iv); (d-iii)

(a)-(ii); (b)-(i); (c)-(iii); (d)-(iv)

(a)-(iii); (b-iv); (c-i); (d-ii)

(a)-(iv); (b-iii); (c-ii); (d)-(i)

9.         In the study of AngIo-American literatures, certain distinguished names in critical/editorial scholarship become synonymous with famous writers and periods of literary history.

Match the following names with their respective areas of scholarship:

(a) Edward Mendelson                       (i) John Milton

 (b) Jerome McGann                           (ii) Ezra Pound

(c) Stanley Fish                                   (iii) W. H. Auden

(d) Hugh Kenner                                 (iv) Textual Scholarship

(a)-(iii); (b)-(ii); (c)-(iv); (d)-(i)

(a)-(iii); (b)-(iv); (c)-(i); (d)-(ii)

(a)-(iv); (b-iii); (c)-(ii); (d)-(i)

(a)-(ii); (b)-(i); (c)-(iv); (d)-(iii)

Q.24 Which of the following plays 18 characterized by the exclusivity of a Single character talking to himself? (D) Krapp’s Last Tape

Q.25 Which of the following aptly names the language resulting from the contact of two mutually unintelligible language systems? (D) Pidgin

·         Pidgins are defined as a type of spoken communication with two or more languages.

·         It is also meant to facilitate people who do not speak a common language.

·         An example is the “Lingua Franca” which was first created among traders. This is called business language.

·         Creoles, on the other hand, refer to any pidgin language that becomes the first language in a speech community.

·         The pidgin language used in speech between these two groups may become the first language of the minority community. One such example is “Gullah (derived from English), spoken in the Sea Islands of the southeastern U.S.”

Q.26 What, according to Raymond Williams, is the right description of the term ‘Cultural Materialism’? (C) The material effect that culture has in wider social life

Q.27 Which one of the following is the source of the passage given below?

“I have observed with growing anxiety the career of this word culture during the past six of seven years. We may find it natural, and significant, that during a period of unparalleled destructiveness, this word should come to have an important role. . .”                                        (B) T. S. Eliot, Notes Towards the Definition of Culture

·         Notes Towards the Definition of Culture, critical treatise by T.S. Eliot that originally appeared as a series of articles in New England Weekly in 1943. It was published in book form in 1948. In the Notes, Eliot presents culture as an organic, shared system of beliefs that cannot be planned or artificially induced. Its chief means of transmission, he holds, is the family. The book has been viewed as a critique of postwar Europe and a defense of conservatism and Christianity.

·         In "Mass Civilization and Minority Culture", F.R. Leavis says that culture belongs to the minority of society, in where the appreciation of art and literature depends. and that "Culture is only for a few who are capable of unprompted, first hand judgment"

·         Raymond Williams, Culture and Society is a book published in 1958 by Welsh progressive writer Raymond Williams, exploring how the notion of culture developed in the West, especially Great Britain, from the eighteenth through the twentieth centuries. This is done through a series of studies of famous British writers and essayists, beginning with Edmund Burke and William Cobbett, also looking at William Blake, William Wordsworth, etc., and continuing as far as F. R. Leavis, George Orwell and Christopher Caudwell.

Q.28 Which of the following sociologists’ ideas on the practice of receiving and giving gifts are used by J. Hillis Miller to reinforce her arguments in the essay, Critic as Host (C) Marcel Mauss

·         J Hillis Miller, the Yale critic published his the Critic As Host in response to M H Abram's lecture the Deconstructive Angel that criticized deconstruction and the methods of Miller. 'The Critic as Host,' is an elaborate reply to the charge that 'deconstructors' are nothing but 'parasites' upon the plain meanings of texts. Miller begins his paper with a quote from Thackeray's novel Henry Esmond. This quote demonstrates the complex relationship between the parasite and the host.

·         Miller uses the practice of gift-giving and gift-receiving which Marcel Mauss had analyzed in his essay 'The Gift'.

Q.29 What is the meaning of Ziauddin Sardar’s statement?                                                       “Cultural studies started as a dissenting intellectual tradition outside academia, dedicated to exposing power in all its cultural forms. But it has now become a discipline and a part of the academic establishment and its power structure.” (C) Instuitionalization

Q. 30 Which artistic technique best describes the interplay of light and shade in the following lines?  (D) Chiaroscuro

“I have looked at it so long

I think it is part of my heart. But it flickers.

Faces and darkness separate us over and over

A woman bends over me,

Searching my reaches for what she really is

Then she turns to those liars, the candles or the moon.

I see her back, and reflect it faithfully.”

·         Chiaroscuro is the use of strong contrasts between light and dark, usually bold contrasts affecting a whole composition. It is also a technical term used by artists and art historians for the use of contrasts of light to achieve a sense of volume in modelling three-dimensional objects and figures.[1] Similar effects in cinema and photography also are called chiaroscuro.

Q.31 Identify the stage that falls between the imaginary and symbolic stages according to Jacques Lacan:   (C) Medieval stage

·         "Lacan's work is often divided into three periods: the Imaginary (1936–1953), the Symbolic (1953–1963), and the Real (1963–1981)"

Q.32. Who’s the author of the short story, The Ghost of Firozsha Bang?

·         Tales From Firozsha Baag is a collection of 11 short stories by Rohinton Mistry about the residents of Firozsha Baag, a Parsi-dominated apartment complex in Mumbai

·         Published in 1987, Tales from Firozsha Baag is a collection of eleven interrelated stories that published in 1987. The work highlights the lives of several residents in a Bombay apartment complex. In the volume, Mistry particularly focuses on the Parsi, or Parsee, community, a small religious minority that traces its roots to Zoroastrianism and ancient Persia.

Q.33 Which one of the following correctly describes the meaning of Macbeth’s words ‘Life is but a walking shadow’?

(A) Life is just devoid of light

(B) Life is just devoid of substance

 (C) Life is just devoid of spirit

 (D) Life is just devoid of stability

·         These lines are spoken by Macbeth. First, he is generally meaning that life lacks substance, comparing life to an actor who, as said in the following line, doesn't have enough time on stage but is performing the best he can, nevertheless—until the play is abruptly over. In the last two lines, Macbeth is comparing life to a story told by someone who lacks intelligence; therefore, the story is nothing more than meaningless rambling. 

·         In these lines, Macbeth first claims that life is something that really lacks substance; it is only a "walking shadow." Next, he uses a metaphor to compare life to an actor, "a poor player," who has but a very short time to be on the stage (because life is so short and passes so quickly). While on stage, this actor really acts; he stalks around dramatically and emotes passionately, "strut[ting] and fret[ting]" for the audience. And then, as suddenly as the play seemed to begin, it ends, and the actor "is heard no more."

·         Next, Macbeth compares life, via a second metaphor, to a story told by someone who lacks intelligence and common sense. Therefore, the story is rambling and ridiculous and, again, seemingly full of drama and passion, but it is ultimately meaningless and has no point, as it "signif[ies] nothing."

Q.34 Who among the following is celebrated in John Keats’s Lines on the Mermaid Tavern?

 (A) Jack, the Ripper

 (B) Bryson of the Park

 (C) Jack, the Giant-Killer

 (D) Robin Hood

·         John Keats composed the poem 'Lines on the Mermaid Tavern' in early February 1819 following the culture of writing poetry on Mermaid Tavern as initiated by Jonson and Beaumont.

Q.35 Who among the following is mourned in Walt Whitman’s 0 Captain! My Captain!?

 (A) R. W. Emerson

 (B) John Keats

 (C) P. B. Shelley

 (D) Abraham Lincoln

·         O Captain, My Captain! was written by Walt Whitman after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln in 1865. The poem is elegiac in tone and honours the 16th President of US. The entire poem portrays the dissimilar things and their comparison with the mention of Civil War in US and the killing of the President.

Q.36 Which type of textual copy is concerned With an assessment of the physical details of the books and their exact relationship to the condition in which the book was planned to appear at the time of its initial publication?

 (A) Real copy

 (B) Ideal copy

 (C) Initial copy

 (D) Base copy

Q.37 Which of the following works is reviewed in George Orwell’s essay, Inside the Whale?

 (A) Henry Miller’s Tropic of Cancer

 (B) James Joyce’s Ulysses

 (C) D. H. Lawrence’s Lady Chatterley’s Lover

 (D) Anais Nin’s Delta of Venus

·         George Orwell's essay 'Inside the Whale' was divided into three parts and was published in 1940 which is, in fact, a review of Henry Miller's Tropic of Cancer.

·         Orwell praises Tropic of Cancer because it honestly describes the squalid everyday thoughts in most people's head, the everyday worries and fidgets, without any glamour, without any political purpose. Its protagonist spends his time cadging money, getting drunk, smoking fags, scrounging for food.

Q.38 Which novel by J . G. Farrell describes the experiences of a polio Victim?

 (A) Troubles

 (B) The Singapore Grip

 (C) The Lung

 (D) The Hill Station

·         Troubles is a 1970 novel by J. G. Farrell. The plot concerns the dilapidation of a once grand Irish hotel (the Majestic), in the midst of the political upheaval during the Irish War of Independence (1919–1921). It is the first instalment in Farrell's acclaimed 'Empire Trilogy', preceding The Siege of Krishnapur and The Singapore Grip. Although there are similar themes within the three novels (most notably that of the British Empire), they do not form a sequence of storytelling.

·         It won the Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize and, later, the Lost Man Booker Prize.

·         The Lung, in which Farrell returned to his real-life trauma of less than a decade earlier: the main character Martin Sands contracts polio and has to spend a long period in hospital.

·         The Lung (1965), in which he drew upon his own affliction with polio, which he contracted at Oxford, to present a downbeat portrait of an irascible man confined to an iron lung. 

Q.39 Which two writers have written essays on the defence of poetry?
(a)Sir Philip Sidney
(b) P. B. Shelley
(C) Mathew Arnold
(d) T. S. Eliot
Choose the correct option :

 (A) (a) and (d)

 (B) (a) and (c)

 (C) (c) and (d)

 (D) (a) and (b)

·                     Philip Sidney, the Elizabethan poet wrote An Apology for Poetry in 1580 that was published posthumously in 1595. It was written in response to the School of Abuse by Stephen Gosson who made charges on poetry as Poetry is the waste of time, Poetry is mother of lies, it is nurse of abuse and supported that Plato had rightly banished the poets from his ideal world.

·                     P B Shelley wrote critical essay Defence of Poetry in 1821 that was published posthumously in 1821. It was written in response to Thomas Love Peacock's article the Four Ages of Poetry. It contains Shelley's famous claim that "poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world".

Q. 40 Considering the story of the novel, what does the title Dombey and Son stand for?

 (A) It suggests the choice between a son and a daughter

 (B) It suggests the commercial aspect of life

 (C) It suggests the opposition between a father and a son

 (D) It suggests the importance of a dynasty

·         The seventh novel of Charles Dickens, Dombey and Son is considered a feminist novel as the novel concentrates on what happens when Dombey has a daughter instead of the desired son. It follows the fortunes of a shipping firm, whose owner, Mr Dombey, is frustrated at not having a son to follow him in the job, and initially rejects his daughter's love, eventually becoming reconciled with her before his death.  

·         Mrs. Dombey dies shortly after giving birth to her second child, a long-awaited son. The eldest Dombey child was a girl and Mr. Dombey didn't see much use in daughters. In the eyes of Mr. Dombey, marriage wasn't about romance. It was more like a business arrangement. It was a business arrangement that at its best might produce the finest product of all, a son. Throughout the novel Florence represents the virtues of love, understanding and tenderness. While Mr. Dombey represents business and logic. At the end of the novel Mr. Dombey finally turns to the love and affection that his daughter has been offering him all along. 

·         The story features many Dickensian themes, such as arranged marriages, child cruelty, betrayal, deceit, and relations between people from different classes. The novel was first published in monthly parts between 1846 and 1848.

Q. 41 What term used by Ferdinand de Saussure corresponds to Noam Chomsky’s term ‘performance’?

 (A) Difference

 (B) Parole

 (C) Paradigm

 (D) Langue

Q. 42 While looking for publication details of a book, a researcher may consult the book’s copyright page, which may appear

 (A) just after the cover

 (B) usually the reverse of the title page

 (C) invariably the reverse of the title page

 (D) just before the title page

Q.43.   Match each of the following concepts/objects with the corresponding description :

(a) Farce                      (i) Articles and objects used on the stage

(b) Props                      (ii) Drama written to be read rather than acted

(c) Music hall              (iii) Characterized by broad humour, wild antics, slapstick etc

(d) Closet drama         .(iv) Variety entertainment of songs, comic turns that flourished in   England through the late 19th Century

(a-iv); (b-ii); (c-i); (d-iii)

(a-i); (b-iii); (C-ii); (d-iv)

(a-ii) (b-iv); (C-iii); (d-i)

(a-iii);(b-i); (c-iv); (d-ii)

Q.44 From which Greek word does the term ‘comedy’ derive and what does it mean?

 (A) Comedia, largeness of heart

 (B) Komoidia, revel-song

 (C) Comedies, commodious

 (D) Komedieon, light foolery

Q. 45 Identify the author in whose works the character Ashenden appears many times :

 (A) Dorothy Sayers

 (B) Daniel Defoe

 (C) D. H. Lawrence

 (D) Somerset Maugham

·         The character by the name of William Ashenden is found in many of the works of English writer, William Somerset Maugham. He is featured in Cakes and Ale, The Moon and Sixpence and The Razor's Edge. The same named character has been featured in many of the stories of Somerset Maugham. 

·         There is also a collection of stories with the name Ashenden: or The British Agent published in 1927.

Q.46 What, in sum, is Sidney’s point in the following?
“Nature never set forth the earth in so rich tapestry as divers poets have done; neither with pleasant rivets, fruitless trees, sweet—smelling flowers, not what so ever else may make the too-much-loved earth more lovely. Her world is brazen, the poets only deliver a golden” (Philip Sidney)

 (A) Works of art are superior to the natural world they represent

 (B) Works of art can often compete with the natural world represented by them

 (C) Neither the poets nor the natural world they set forth equal nature’s rich tapestry

 (D) The natural world is far superior to the works of art that represent it

Q.47 Which one of the following groups of novelists has, in the given order, Captain Ahab, Hester Prynne, Roderick Usher and Daisy Miller as characters in their novels?

 (A) Henry James, Edgar A. Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville

 (B) Herman Melville, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar A. Poe, Henry James

 (C) Edgar A. Poe, Henry James, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville

 (D) Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar A. Poe, Henry James, Herman Melville

·         Captain Ahab is a fictional character and the main protagonist in Herman Melville's Moby-Dick. He is the monomaniacal captain of the whaling ship Pequod. On a previous voyage, the white whale Moby Dick bit off Ahab's leg, and he now wears a prosthetic leg made out of whalebone

·         Hester Prynne is the protagonist of Nathaniel Hawthorne's novel The Scarlet Letter. She is portrayed as a woman condemned by her Puritan neighbors. The character has been called "among the first and most important female protagonists in American literature".

·         Characters Roderick Usher. As one of the two surviving members of the Usher family in “The Fall of the House of Usher,” Roderick is one of Poe's character doubles, or doppelgangers. Roderick is intellectual and bookish, and his twin sister, Madeline, is ill and bedridden.

·         Daisy Miller (1878) is a novella by Henry James. The main character is Annie "Daisy" Miller a beautiful young American girl. Daisy is impetuous and doesn't care about traditional rules and just wants to have fun. The narrator of the story is Frederick Winterbourne, an American expatriate who Daisy meets in Switzerland. Winterbourne is shocked by Daisy's carefree attitude and tries to get her to break up with her Italian boyfriend, Giovanelli but fails. In the end of the story Daisy dies from malaria (Roman Fever).

·         Herman Melville (1819 -1891) is known by current readers for his epic novel Moby Dick (1851), it was not popular during his lifetime. He was known among contemporary readers as "the man who lived among the cannibals" because of his first book "Typee" (1846) based on his actual experiences as a captive on a South Pacific island in 1842.

·         Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804 -1864) was a descendant of a long line of New England Puritans, which sparked his interest in the Puritan way of life. His most famous novel, "The Scarlet Letter" (1850) presents the themes sin, guilt and legalism. Set in Boston, Massachusetts during the times of the Puritans (mid 1600s), this novel tells the story of Hester Prynne, who conceives a daughter (Pearl) through an adulterous affair and struggles to create a new life of repentance and dignity.

Q.48 Which version of the Lyrical Ballads was the first one to have the Preface by Wordsworth?

 (A) 1798

 (B) 1800

 (C) 1802

 (D) 1804

Q.49 In which play, other than Julius Caesar, has Shakespeare depicted the Romans better than the Roman writers themselves have done?

 (A) Troilus and Cressida

 (B) Coriolanus

 (C) Romeo and Juliet

 (D) Two Gentlemen of Verona

·         The tragedy of Coriolanus by William Shakespeare is a five act play based on the life of Gnaues Marcius Corionanus, a legendary Roman hero of the late 6th and early 5th centuries BCE. He is shown as an arrogant young nobleman in peacetime, as a bloodstained and valiant warrior against the city of Corioli, as a modest victor, and as a reluctant candidate for consul. When he refuses to flatter the Roman citizens, for whom he feels contempt, or to show them his wounds to win their vote, they turn on him and banish him.

·         Julius Caesar and Coriolanus both deal with the lives of Roman leaders and great generals. There is much similarity between the two characters and some marked differences.

·         Both titular characters are successful against the enemies of Rome. Caesar comes back from this great conquests and Coriolanus comes back after defeating the Volscians. Both men consider themselves very important and feel that they should have some say in running the government of Rome.

Q.50 Given below are two statements—one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) :

Assertion (A) :

Instances of beliefs triggering action are present in social life and may give rise to problems in determining ‘causality’.

Reason (R) :

Beliefs may not be accompanied by or give rise to logically appropriate actions, and actions may occur which are consistent with motivations and intentions, but they often, if not usually, also have unanticipated outcomes.

In the light of the above two statements choose the correct option :
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)