UGC NET Higher Education System Notes 2021: Paper 1

UGC NET Higher Education System Notes 2021: Paper 1

Regulatory Framework of Higher Education in India: UGC Paper 1 Notes

Higher Education UGC NET: Policymaking bodies/agencies

(a). Department of Higher Education:

The Department of Higher Education, MHRD, is held responsible for the overall development of the basic infrastructure of the Higher Education sector in the economy, both in terms of planning and policy.

Under a planned development process, the department looks after the expansion of accessibility and qualitative improvement in the field of higher education, through world-class universities, colleges, and various other Private Institutions.

The different roles and objectives of the Department of Higher Education mentioned in UGC NET Higher Education System Notes are:

To improve the Gross Enrolment Ratio (30% by the year 2020) by expanding access through all modes. (Regular, Online, Distance programs)
To promote the participation of those sections of the society whose Gross Enrolment Ratio is lower than the national average.
To promote academic reforms and to improve the quality of education
To increase the number of institutions by setting up new educational institutions
To improve the existing institutions.
To promote the utilization of Tech-driven classes in Higher Education.
To enhance the Development of Vocational Education and Skill Development.
To develop education in Indian Languages.
To increase the International Collaboration/Link-ups in the field of higher education

(b). State councils of higher education

Many states have set up councils and advisory boards to provide guidelines and norms for the appropriate functioning of the higher education institutions in the states.
These councils coordinate the roles of government universities and apex regulatory agencies in higher education within the state.

Following states mentioned in the UGC NET Higher Education System Notes that have set up councils of higher education:

· Andhra Pradesh

Kerala
Tamil Nadu
West Bengal
U.P
Arunachal Pradesh,
Agartala
Himachal Pradesh

(c). The central advisory board of education (CABE):

It was set up for coordination and cooperation between the union and the states in the field of education including policymaking. It was established in 1920 and dissolved in 1923. It was revived again in 1935 and has been in existence ever since.

(d). Association of Indian Universities (AIU)

It evaluates the courses, syllabi, credits, and standards of foreign Universities and compares them with the various courses offered by Indian colleges/universities.
This association also acts as a body that recognizes the different degrees/diplomas awarded by the universities in India, which are recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi, and abroad for the purpose of admission to the higher courses in colleges/universities in India.
Earlier it was named The Inter-University Board and acquired a legal status with its registration as a Society under the Societies Registration Act, 1860, on September 29, 1967.
It was renamed the Association of Indian Universities in 1973.

UGC NET Higher Education System Notes: Regulation Based Agencies

There are Apex Level Bodies (Regulatory Bodies/Research Councils) under the Department of Higher Education, which are responsible for higher education in India. These bodies can be broadly divided into Regulatory Bodies and Research Councils.

Important Regulatory bodies in Higher Education, as mentioned in UGC NET Higher Education System Notes PDF are:

All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE)
Council of Architecture (COA)
Indian Council of Historical Research (ICHR)
Indian Council of Philosophical Research (ICPR)
Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR)
University Grants Commission (UGC)

Statutory professional councils in UGC NET Higher Education System Notes PDF are:

All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE)
Distance Education Council (DEC)
Indian Council for Agriculture Research (lCAR)
Bar Council of India(BCI)
National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE)
Rehabilitation Council of India (RCI)
Medical Council of India (MCI)
Pharmacy Council of India (PCI)
Indian Nursing Council (INC)
Dentist Council of India (DCI)
Central Council of Homeopathy (CCH)
Central Council of Indian Medicine (CCIM)

Accreditation Based Bodies: UGC NET Higher Education System Notes

There are two bodies for accreditation, as per the UGC NET Higher Education System Notes:

(a). The National Board of Accreditation (NBA)

It was initially established by AICTE (All India Council of Technical Education) under section 10(u) of the AICTE act, in the year 1994.
It was established for periodic evaluations of technical institutions & programs according to specified norms and standards as recommended by the AICTE council.
NBA came into existence as an autonomous body from 7th January 2010, with the objective of quality assurance and Education relevance, particularly of the professional and technical programs, i.e., Engineering, Management, Pharmacy, Architecture, and Hospitality, through the mechanism of accreditation of programs offered by technical institutions.
NBA has introduced a new process, criteria, and parameters for accreditation.

(b). National assessment and accreditation council (NAAC)

NAAC was established in 1994 as an autonomous institution of the UGC with its headquarters in Bangalore, Karnataka.
The mandate of the NAAC includes making quality assurance an integral part of the functioning of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs).
It functions through its General Counsel (GC) and Executive Committee (EC) comprising policymakers, educational administrators, and senior academicians from the Indian higher education system.
President of the GC – The Chairperson of the UGC
Chairperson of the EC – eminent academician nominated by the President of GC (NAAC).
NAAC is supported by the advisory and consultative committees constituted from time to time.

Important Abbreviations for UGC NET Exam

Check out the list of abbreviation mentioned in UGC NET Higher Education System Notes from the below table:

S.No.	Important Abbreviation	Full Forms
1	MHRD	Ministry of Human Resource Development
2	NIE	National Institute of Education
3	PSSCIVE	Pandit Sundarlal Sharma Central Institute of Vocational Education
4	RIE	Regional Institute of Education
5	ODL	Open & Distance Learning
6	ICSE	Indian Certificate of Secondary Education
7	ISC	Indian School Certificate
8	CVE	Certificate in Vocational Education
9	RIFD	Research Institution & Faculty Development
10	MAT	Management Aptitude Test
11	UGAT	Under Graduate Aptitude Test
12	AMT	Accredited Management Teacher
13	CIE	Central Institute of English

Important Portals of Department of Higher Education

Here you can check the important government portals related to Higher Education, as listed in UGC NET Higher Education System Notes.

UGC NET Higher Education System Notes: National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF)

Official Website: https://www.nirfindia.org
Honorable Minister for Human Resource Development launched the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) on 29th September 2015. They provide a methodology to rank the different institutions across various categories and universities across the country.
There were no changes in the main ranking parameters for India Rankings 2018. They will give a common overall rank as well as a discipline-specific rank to every bigger institution this year.
To know about the NIRF Ranking Document, you can check at https://www.nirfindia.org/2018/Ranking2018.html
Memorize all important rankings from the above link and revise them thoroughly.

Indian Institute of Science	Bengaluru	Karnataka	82.16	1
Jawaharlal Nehru University	New Delhi	Delhi	67.57	2
Banaras Hindu University	Varanasi	Uttar Pradesh	63.52	3
Anna University	Chennai	Tamil Nadu	62.82	4
University of Hyderabad	Hyderabad	Telangana	60.54	5
Jadavpur University	Kolkata	West Bengal	59.68	6
University of Delhi	Delhi	Delhi	58.69	7
Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham	Coimbatore	Tamil Nadu	58.46	8
Savitribai Phule Pune University	Pune	Maharashtra	58.24	9
Aligarh Muslim University	Aligarh	Uttar Pradesh	57.78	10

UGC NET Higher Education System Notes: IMPRINT

(Impacting Research Innovation and Technology)

Official website: http://imprint-india.org/
IMPRINT – MHRD supported the Pan-IIT + IISc joint initiative to address the major challenges of engineering and science that India should address, overcome and empower the nation for inclusive growth and self-reliance.

This novel initiative with twofold mandate is aimed at:
(a) Developing new engineering education policy
(b) Creating a road map to pursue engineering challenges

IMPRINT provides the overarching vision that guides research into areas that are predominantly socially relevant.
142 IMPRINT projects have been implemented so far. These projects have received tremendous support from several ministries, councils, and departments in addition to the MHRD.
To know about IMPRINT, check the link below: http://imprint-india.org/approved-projects-under-implementation

IMPRINT - THE STORY SO FAR

Adopting engineering and technology as a vehicle to address the social needs, the Ministry of

Human Resource Development (MHRD) has formulated a catalytic scheme for Impacting Research,

Innovation and Technology (IMPRINT) as a pan-India initiative.

The programme builds around the great research talent and highly equipped and promising infrastructure of the Indian Institutes of Technologies and the Indian Institute of Science. With an aim of achieving inclusion, the programme has currently also encompassed the Centrally Funded Technical Institutions (CFTIs) and in the future is poised to cover all the academic and research institutions of the country.

The ten domains together received 2612 proposals submissions. A Domain Expert Committee (DEC) for each domain was set up to manage the review of these proposals and make recommendations to the IMPRINT Apex Committee. A total of 259 proposals were approved by the Apex Committee. Of these 142 proposals have received support from a ministry, council or department in addition to the Ministry of Human Resource development. The successful implementation of these proposals holds out the promise of delivering tangible results to society.

UGC NET Higher Education System Notes: SWAYAM

(Study Webs of Active–Learning for Young Aspiring Minds)

A programme initiated by Government of India and designed to achieve the three cardinal principles of Education Policy viz., access, equity and quality.

SWAYAM platform is developed by Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) and NPTEL, IIT Madras with the help of Google Inc. and Persistent Systems Ltd. It would be ultimately capable of hosting 2000 courses and 80000 hours of learning: covering school, under-graduate, post-graduate, engineering, law and other professional courses.

Official Website: https://swayam.gov.in/
SWAYAM is an instrument for self-actualization which provides opportunities for life-long learning.
At this platform, you can choose your course from hundreds of differently available courses that are taught at the university/college/school level.
If a learner is studying in any college across the country, the credits earned by taking these courses will be transferred into their academic record.
• Courses that are taught in classrooms from 9th class till post-graduation.
The different courses hosted on SWAYAM will be covered in 4 quadrants:
(a). Video lecture
(b). Specially prepared reading material
(c). Self-assessment tests through subjective tests and quizzes
(d). Online discussion forum.
In order to make sure the best quality content is produced and delivered, 7 National Coordinators have been appointed. They are:
(i) NPTEL for engineering
(ii) UGC for non-technical post-graduation education
(iii) CEC for undergraduate education
(iv) NCERT & NIOS for school education
(v) IGNOU for out of the school students and
(vi) IIMB for management studies
(vii) NITTTR for Teacher Training programme.

UGC NET Higher Education System Notes: Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA)

Official Website: http://rusa.nic.in/
It is a scheme for the development of higher education in India. It was initiated in 2013 by the MHRD, Government of India.
RUSA is a centrally sponsored scheme that aims to provide detailed funding to higher education institutions throughout the country.
RUSA will cover 316 state public universities and 13,024 colleges.
This program gives an opportunity to every institution that has the power to enrich student’s lives through top-class education by upgrading libraries, laboratories etc.

UGC NET Higher Education System Notes: Higher Education Statistics And Public Information System (HESPIS)

To prepare a strong database on Higher Education, MHRD launched a system on All India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE) to collect the different data from all the higher institutions of learning in the country through the electronic mode.
The total cost of the scheme estimated was Rs. 99 crores for the duration 2012-17.
For more details, refer to the following sites:
http://aishe.nic.in/
http://mhrd.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/upload_document/HESPIS.pdf

UGC NET Higher Education System Notes: National Academic Depository

Official Website: http://nad.gov.in/about.html
National Academic Depository (NAD) is an online storehouse of all academic awards.
It is a 24X7 online storehouse of all academic awards viz. Degrees, certificates, diplomas, mark-sheets etc. duly digitized and lodged by academic institutions/eligibility assessment bodies/boards.
It not only ensures easy access to and retrieval of an academic award but also validates and guarantees its authenticity and safe storage.

UGC NET Higher Education System Notes: GIAN (Global Initiative of Academic Networks)

Official Website: http://www.gian.iitkgp.ac.in/
The government of India approved a new program titled GIAN that is aimed at tapping the greatest talent pool of scientists and entrepreneurs across the country, internationally to encourage their engagement with the Higher Education Institutes in India so as to utilize and develop the country’s existing academic resources.

Higher Education Body in India: UGC NET Higher Education System Notes

Here you can check the various higher education organizations in India, as mentioned in UGC NET Higher Education System Notes.

University Grants Commission (UGC)

The government of India has set the statutory body named ‘University Grants Commission’ under the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD).

The main aim to establish this Higher Education Body is to maintain the standard of higher education with coordination and determination.

Following are other functions of UGC –

Providing recognition certificates to the various universities of India.
Distributing funds to UGC Recognised Universities and colleges.
Helping NTA to conduct the UGC NET and CSIR NET Exams to select the deserving candidates for the post of lecturers and researchers.
To promote and coordinate university education.

Following are the contact details of UGC

e-mail id – webmaster.ugc.help@gmail.com

Contact No. – 011-23604446, 011-23604200

Address – University Grants Commission (UGC) Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg. New Delhi – 110002

Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE)

It is a national level board of education in India which is controlled by the Union Government of India for public and private schools.

Approximately 19527 schools are affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary Education in wherein 211 schools are in foreign.

The aim of the CBSE Board is to achieve academic excellence by conceptualizing policies and their operational planning to ensure balanced academic activities in the schools affiliated to the Board.

Following are the contact details of CBSE

e-mail id – info.cbse@gov.in

Inquiry. – 011-22509256, 22509257

Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)

The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research is one of the most famous Higher Education Body or organizations which is known for its cutting-edge R&D knowledgebase in diverse S&T areas.

It was established in September of 1942 as an autonomous body and emerged as the largest research and development organization in India.

CSIR built by Dr. Bhatnagar to meet the challenges of that time and it is 65-year-old now.

National Testing Agency (NTA)

It’s one of the most important Higher Education Bodies as per the viewpoint of the UGC NET Exam because it’s a newly emerged body and has taken the responsibilities of conducting the National Eligibility Test too.

NTA has been established as a premier, specialist, autonomous and self-sustained testing organization to conduct the entrance examinations for admission in higher educational institutions.

National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT)

The National Council of Education Research and Training is an organization that helps, support & advice for the improvement of various schools’ education.

Following are the important points to know about NCERT –

From class I to XII, all the textbooks are prescribed by CBSE which are published by NCERT.
One of the major objectives of NCERT is to give an acceleration to research areas that are related to school education like publishing model textbooks, newsletters, journals and develops educational kits, supplementary & digital materials and many more.

National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS)

National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) is the Higher Education Body under the Union Government of India.

The aim of this education board is to provide education to remote areas under the motive to increase literacy and aimed forward for flexible learning.

NIOS committed to providing excellent, sustainable, inclusive and flexible education up to pre-degree level through open & distance learning (ODL) mode & Compliance of requirements to ensure the satisfaction of learners and continual improvement of their quality management system.

Council of Indian School Certificate Examination (CISCE)

This higher education body was established in 1958 that conducts the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education and the Indian School Certificate examinations for Class 10th & 12th.

The Motto and aim of the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examination are to serve the nation’s children through quality education and empowering them to contribute towards humanity, a just and pluralistic society, promoting introspective living, by creating exciting learning opportunities, with a commitment to excellence.

Council of Technical Education (AICTE)

It’s a national-level Apex Advisory Body that was set up in November 1945.

AICTE is a statutory body, which deals with coordinated development and proper planning of the technical education system in the country.

Following are the major functions of AICTE –

Funding in priority areas, evaluation, and monitoring
Management of technical education.
Formulation, Maintenance, and planning of norms & standards.
Maintaining parity of certification & awards.
Quality assurance through accreditation.

National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE)

National Council for Teacher Education known as an advisory body for the Central and State Government on all matters pertaining to teacher education, with its secretariat in the department of teacher education of NCERT.

The objective of the National Council for Teacher Education is to achieve coordinated and planned development of the teacher education system throughout the country, the proper maintenance of Norma and Standards in the teacher education system, and the regulation for matters connected therewith.

Council for Agriculture Research (ICAR)

It’s an autonomous body that is related to agricultural education. It was established on 16 July 1929 under the Societies Registration Act, 1860.

The headquarters of ICAR is situated in New Delhi. It is an apex body for coordinating, guiding, and managing research and education in agriculture including fisheries, animal, and horticulture sciences all over India.

All India Management Association (AIMA)

It’s a national apex body for management professionals in India. It was established in 1957 by following the first industrialization policy in 1956.

Check out the major activities of AIMA below –

To conduct the Management Aptitude Test (MAT) across India.
AIMA conducts Research Management Aptitude Test (RMAT)
Under Graduate Aptitude Test (UGAT) conducted by AIMA
Accredited Management Teacher (AMT) certification and other customized Tests also conducted by AIMA.

Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (CDAC)

It’s an autonomous scientific society of the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology, Department of Electronics and Information Technology, and Government of India.

“In 2003 Centre the National Centre for Software Technology, ER&DCI and CEDTI were merged into CDAC”.

Bar Council of India (BCI)

BCI is a statutory body that is created by the Parliament of India to regulate and represent the Indian bar. It was established by the Parliament under the Advocates Act, 1961.

Important functions covered by BCI in India

To lay down the procedure to be followed by its disciplinary committee and the disciplinary committees of each State Bar Council.
To promote and support law reform.
To lay down standards of professional conduct and etiquette for advocates.
To deal with disposing of any matter which may be referred to it by a State Bar Council?
Giving financial assistance to organize welfare schemes for the poor, disabled, or other advocates.

Central Institute of Educational Technology (CIET)

CIET is an essential unit of NCERT that which is established in 1984 with the merger of the Centre for Educational Technology and the Department of Teaching Aids.

Central Institute of Educational Technology is a premiere national institute of educational technology.

The Vision of CIET is:

“To be the national pioneer and leader in various aspects of the professional improvement and advancement in educational communication and technology grounded in theory. In practice and in the code of ethics, providing solutions by utilizing the innovations, research combined with design, building and managing the resource center of quality educational media software and integration of technology and pedagogy”.

Central Hindi Directorate (CHD)

CHD is responsible to conduct correspondence courses for teaching the Hindi language to those Indians who are non-Hindi Speakers and also to foreigners.

It was established on 1^st March 1960 by the Government of India under the MHRD (Ministry of Human Resources Development), Department of Higher Education to promote and propagate Hindi as well as to develop it as an ink language throughout India.

Below you can check the schemes which have been implemented through CHD –

To publish monolingual/bilingual, trilingual, and multilingual dictionaries.
Extension services and programs.

Central Institute of India Languages (CIIL)

The Central Institute of India Languages was founded on 17 July 1969. It’s an Indian research and teaching institute which is based in Mysore. It’s a part of the language bureau of the Ministry of Human Resources (MHRD).

There are seven centers of the Central Institute of Indian Languages as

Centre for Lexicography, Folklore, Literature and Translation Studies
Centre for Classical Languages
Centre for Materials Production, Publications, and Sales
Centre for Information in Indian Languages
Centre for Tribal, Minor, Endangered Languages and Languages Policy
Centre for Literacy Studies
Centre for Testing & Evaluation

Central Institute of English and Foreign Languages (CIEFL)

The Central Institute of English and Foreign Languages was founded in 1958 as the Central Institute of English (CIE).

After extension of the scope of its goals and to improve the standard of teaching of English it introduced and merged the foreign languages. Thereafter it was renamed the Central Institute of English and Foreign Languages (CIEFL) in 1972.

Council of Architecture (COA)

It’s a corporate body that has been constituted by the Government of India under the provisions of the Architects Act, 1972 enacted by the Parliament of India.

The act came into force on 1^stSeptember 1972 that provides registration of Architects, standards of education, recognized qualifications, and standards of practice to be complied with by the practicing architects.

Dental Council of India (DCI)

The Dental Council of India was constituted on 12^th April 1949 under an Act of Parliament named – Dentists Act, 1948 (XVI of 1948).

The Dental Council of India is composed of 6 constituencies –

Central Government
State Government
Universities
Dental Colleges
Medical Council of India
Private Practitioners of Dentistry.